These are edited copies of reality and are used as
substitute for real things when it is not practical or not possible to bring or
do the real thing in the classroom.
Models
Is a reproduction of a real thing in
a small scale, or large scale, or exact size—but made of synthetic materials. Substitute for a real thing which
may or may not be operational.
Mock-ups
Is an arrangement of a real device or associated devices. Special model where the parts of a
model can be manipulated.
Example: planetarium
Specimen
Is any individual or item
considered typical of a group, class or a whole.
Objects
Include artifacts displayed in a
museum or objects displayed in exhibits or preserved insect specimen in
science.
Simulation
Representation of a manageable real
event in which the learner is an active participant engaged in learning
behavior or in applying previously acquired skills or knowledge.
Examples:Election
of class, Earthquake
drills
Games
forms of physical
exercise taught to children at school.
Purpose of games:
- To practice knowledge/skills already acquired.
- To identify gaps in knowledge or skills.
- To serve as a summation or review.
- To develop new relationships among concepts and principles.
Difference between game and simulation
•
Games are played to win: there is a competition
•
Simulation needs not winner, seems to be more
easily applied to the issues rather than to processes
General purposes of simulation and games in education
•
Develop changes in attitude
•
Change specific behavior
•
Prepare for participants for assuming new roles
in d’ future
•
Help individuals understand their current roles
•
Increase the students’ ability to apply
principles
•
Reduce complex problems or situations to
manageable elements
•
Illustrate roles that may affect one’s life but
that one may never assume
•
to
motivate learners
•
Develop analytical processes
•
sensitize
individuals to another person’s life
Why do we make use of contrived experiences?
- To overcome limitations of space and time
- To “edit” reality for us to be able to focus on parts or a process of a system that we intend to study
- To overcome difficulties
- To understand inaccessible
- Help the learner understand abstractions
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